Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer one might come across. In most cases, skin cancer originates in the epidermal cells due to abnormal or uncontrolled growth. Usually, the areas that are most exposed to the sun are at the risk of developing these cancers. They can be of different types. So, let’s take a closer look at the different types of skin cancers and how they occur and what their signs are.

The main types of skin cancer are given below:

• Basal cell carcinoma
  This is the most common type of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma refers to uncontrolled and abnormal growths in the basal cells of the skin, which are present in the outermost layer. This type of cancer can be further categorized as nodular type cancer, superficial type cancer, and morpheaform. This type of cancer usually spreads in one’s neck, face, ears, scalp, back, and shoulders region. Shiny red patches, pearly bumps, and waxy or hard growth are some common signs. Long term and intense exposure to UV rays usually cause this form of cancer. This cancer type, when diagnosed early, can be treated. However, on rare occasions, it can spread or metastasize or become fatal.
• Squamous cell carcinoma
  Among the different types of skin cancer, this is the second most common. This originates in the squamous cells of the epidermal layer of the skin as the name suggests. It is more commonly seen in people with suppressed immune systems. Areas of the skin which are more damaged by the sun than others like the face, scalp, neck, ears, and hands are affected by this cancer type. Firm red nodules, scaly and flat sores, or a raised area on an old ulcer or scar are common symptoms. Once again, long term exposure to UV rays or extensive use of tanning beds can cause this. If not diagnosed early on, squamous cell carcinoma can spread rapidly and become more invasive.
• Melanoma
  Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer. It originates in the melanocytes or those skin cells that produce the pigment called melanin. This is the most dangerous type of skin cancer as it can often appear as a common mole, on any part of the body. Intermittent yet intense sun exposure, which usually causes sunburn, can lead to melanoma. Excessive usage of tanning beds can also trigger it. But when detected early on, it can be treated effectively.
• Merkel cell carcinoma
  Though comparatively rare, Merkel cell carcinoma needs special mention among the different types of skin cancer. This is because it is aggressive. Usually noticed on the eyelids, head and neck, the tumor appears as painless and firm lesions or nodules. Merkel cells, which are present at the base of the epidermis, are the origin of this cancer. Usually seen in people above 50 years of age, this cancer is associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Sun-exposed areas are at risk in this case. Early diagnosis is vital for this carcinoma as it can recur and spread easily.

So, now that one knows about the different types of skin cancer, remember to keep an eye out for the signs. Getting oneself checked regularly by a dermatologist can also help them get treated correctly and on time.