The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration reports that in 2009 more than 2 million people in the country over the age of 12 sought some type of treatment for substance abuse. Regardless of age, gender, race or reason, people across all backgrounds can fall victim to substance abuse and experience struggle with addiction. While there are treatment options for alcohol and substance abuse, the first step towards effective treatment is for people affected by the addiction to acknowledge the fact that substance use is a problem.

People who are addicted to alcohol can often exhibit aggressive behavior, inadequate parental supervision, and easy access to substances that create havoc in the nervous system. Medical experts now categorize substance abuse under a category called substance-related and addictive disorders.

There are visible warning signs and symptoms of substance abuse which are a mix of physical, psychological and behavioral signs. These include:

• Sudden mood swings
• Lack of grooming and personal hygiene
• Disturbed sleep patterns
• Withdrawal from social circles, family, and friends
• Constant runny nose and sniffles
• Loss of interest in social activities and hobbies
• Loss of control over
• Bloodshot eyes
• Changes in appetite
• Slurred speech and tremors
• Changes in weight (sudden weight loss or weight gain)
• Unexplained financial issues
• Demonstrate secretive behavior
• Fatigued and spaced out most of the time
• Mostly appears anxious and paranoid
• Lack of motivation to perform routine activities
• Frequently gets into altercations (major or minor)
• Financial disputes or issues

Once an individual acknowledges and agrees to seek help, there are multiple treatment options for alcohol and substance abuse that are available. Either a singular program or a combination of several treatment approaches can be used.

• Detoxification
  This is the first step in the treatment that involves clearing the abused substance from the body and restricting withdrawal symptoms. Most medical care units, under this technique, use medication to control the addiction problems.
• Counseling and behavioral therapies
  This is a common approach that is carefully handled by therapists along with the help of members of the family. It is a long process with a number of sessions and a gradual outcome. But over time, the symptoms improve.
• Rehabilitation programs
  For substance-related and addictive disorders, long-term treatment programs can be highly effective. These programs typically focus on remaining free of addiction and resuming normal activities within social, professional, and family responsibilities. Fully licensed residential facilities are available with a 24-hour care regulated program. These care units provide a safe living environment and take care of any necessary medical interventions.

The treatment options for alcohol and substance abuse also depend on several factors such as length and severity of use, age of the individual and the type of addictive disorder. But one must remember that however hopeless the situation may seem, it is never too late to turn things around.